Japanese Encephalitis Virus: A Zoonotic Arbovirus in the One Health Context
Volume 11| Issue 2 | December 2025
AUTHOR(S)
Monmon Saha, Saurabh Majumder, Rahul Barua, Ripan Biswas, Chanchal Debnath

ABSTRACT

Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a mosquito-borne viral zoonosis. The disease is caused by the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) of the genus Flavivirus and the family Flaviviridae. It is the leading cause of encephalitis, mostly among children in Asia. Host, environment, vector and climatic conditions play a major role in the emergence of JE. Wading birds act as reservoirs, whereas pigs act as amplifying hosts for the virus. The virus is transmitted mostly by the Culex species of mosquitoes, especially Culex tritaeniorhynchus. However, the virus can be transmitted without the involvement of a vector from pig to pig via direct contact. Human infection may happen without the presence of pigs in nearby areas. Humans act as a dead-end host for the virus. The prevention and control of the disease are primarily aimed at vector control, increased surveillance, vaccination, and stamping-out strategies. One health strategy is of paramount importance with respect to JE in attaining optimal health for humans, animals, and the environment. In this review, we have focused on the transmission cycle of JEV; the importance of vectors, reservoirs, and amplifiers in disease causation; diagnostic approaches and control measures; and the importance of the One Health approach in the mitigation of the risk of the disease.

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DOI
https://www.doi.org/10.62418/ijvph.11.2.2025.8-14
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Corresponding author’s email ID: sauravviro@gmail.com
Citation: Saha M, Majumder S, Barua R, Biswas R, Debnath C. Japanese Encephalitis Virus: A Zoonotic Arbovirus in the One Health Context. Indian Journal of Veterinary Public Health. 2025; 11(2): 8-14.
DOI: https://www.doi.org/10.62418/ijvph.11.2.2025.8-14