The study was conducted in a purposively selected sample population taken from the Toto tribe of Jalpaiguri district and in non-tribal rural people of Hooghly district in the state of West Bengal, India. The study covered randomly selected a total of 100 tribal and 100 non-tribal people as key informants including locally well-known traditional healers and mid-wives in the study area. The findings revealed that, there were no death occurred in the family during last 3 years, whereas no death related to child birth occurred in the family during last 5 years in both rural tribal and non-tribal village. The study also depict that, among the several options majority of the rural tribal people went to Medicine-man (Pao) when he / she or his / her family members get sick while, in rural non-tribal village majority of the respondents are generally went to a priest i.e. one Holy mother of a temple of Goddess Kali and or to the Moulavi of their nearest mosque. Majority of the rural tribal people are satisfied with the facilities available in the nearest Govt. Hospital/PHC but not visited there because they preferred Traditional treatment given by their Pao. Majority of the rural tribal people were significantly (p<0.01) expressed their visits in their village regularly, send his/her child to any Anganwari/Balwadi centre and mentioned about presence of Traditional Birth Attendant in non-tribal village as well as know about prophylactic treatments (vaccination). The study signifies the dependency of the rural Tribal and non-tribal peoples on traditional medicines, considering their public health-Hygiene in the functional area of Jalpaiguri and Hooghly district of the State West Bengal, India.