IJVPH

Zoonotic Salmonellosis: A Comprehensive Review
Volume 10 | Issue 1 | June 2024
AUTHOR(S)
Mahendra Pal, Kirubel Paulos Gutama, Sonia de Avila Botton, Sujatha Singh, Bhupendra C. Parmar

ABSTRACT

Salmonellosis is one of the major bacterial zoonotic diseases of humans and animals, which is caused by Salmonella, a rod-shaped gram-negative bacterium belonging to the family of Enterobacteriaceae. Globally, 1.3 billion persons are affected with salmonellosis annually. Disease in warm-blooded vertebrates in most cases is associated with serovars of Salmonella enterica. Ingestion of contaminated animal products, such as eggs, poultry, pork, and other meats is a major route of transmission in humans. Direct contact is also a potential route of transmission, particularly for high-risk animals, such as reptiles, chicks, and ducklings, although other animals may also transmit the bacterium to humans. Gastroenteritis is the most common presentation in healthy adults, systemic disease can also occur, particularly in those who are immunocompromised including children and the elderly. Focal extra-intestinal infections can also be seen. In animals, Salmonella spp. primarily causes enteritis and septicemia; however, many species carry the bacterium asymptomatically and shed it in their feces. Salmonellosis should be considered in any acute diarrheal or febrile illness without obvious cause. The diagnosis is confirmed by isolating the organisms from clinical specimens (stool or blood).Most of the cases of salmonellosis recover without specific treatment. However, antibiotics are typically used only to treat severe illness. Currently, the organism established a resistance to multi- antibiotics, which results in increasing failure of treatment and severity of infection. Therefore, awareness creation about public health importance of the infection, application of scientific based management strategies and basic hygiene practices is crucial to alleviate the risks of acquiring the infection.

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DOI
https://doi.org/10.62418/ijvph.10.1.2024.31-38
How to cite this article:
Corresponding author’s email ID: palmahendra2@gmail.com
Citation: Pal M, Gutama KP, Botton SA, Singh S, Parmar BC. Zoonotic Salmonellosis: A Comprehensive Review. Indian Journal of Veterinary Public Health. 2024; 10(1): 31-38.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.62418/ijvph.10.1.2024.31-38